Abstract

This review synthesizes advancements in biodefense against biological threats. Key innovations include advanced biosensors [1] and CRISPR-Cas systems [5] for rapid detection, alongside improved rapid diagnostics [4] and environmental sampling [7]. Preventative strategies involve new vaccine developments [2] and gene editing for enhanced resistance [10]. Therapeutic efforts focus on broad-spectrum antivirals [9]. Preparedness is strengthened through biosecurity risk assessments [3], public health planning [6], and mathematical modeling of agent dispersion [8]. Collectively, this research enhances capabilities for faster, more effective response to biological incidents.