ISSN 2472-0429

Advances in Cancer Prevention
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  • Review Article   
  • Adv Cancer Prev 2016, Vol 1(2): 106
  • DOI: 10.4172/2472-0429.1000106

An Overview of Genetic Polymorphism and Lung Cancer Risk

Kouya Shiraishi*, Takayuki Honda and Takashi Kohno
Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research, , Tokyo, Japan
*Corresponding Author : Kouya Shiraishi, Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan, Tel: +81-3-3542-2511, Fax: +81-3-3542-0807, Email: kshirais@ncc.go.jp

Received Date: Jan 20, 2016 / Accepted Date: Feb 22, 2016 / Published Date: Feb 29, 2016

Abstract

The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in Asia have increased over the past few decades. Owing to the development of molecular-targeted drugs, the prognosis for patients with advanced stage lung cancer has improved. Despite this improvement the 5-year survival rate is very low. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify groups at high risk for lung cancer for prevention. Both environmental and genetic factors are related to the development of lung cancer. For example, cigarette smoking, passive (secondhand) smoking, asbestos exposure, and air pollution are associated with lung cancer. Genetic polymorphisms, including Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), underlie inter-individual differences in cancer susceptibility, and genetic loci for lung cancer risk have been identified by Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in both European/American and Asian populations. Recent GWAS of lung cancer have identified genetic susceptibility variants on Chromosome 15q25 (CHRNA), 5p15 (TERT), 3q28 (TP63), 6q22 (DCBLD1), 6p21 (BAT3-MSH2 and BTNL2), 10q25 (VTI1A), and 17q.24 (BPTF); however, loci significantly associated with lung cancer risk differ among ethnicities. Here, we review previous GWAS and discuss genetic factors that may be useful for the early detection or prevention of lung cancer.

Keywords: Lung cancer; Genome-wide association study; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Cancer susceptibility

Citation: Shiraishi K, Honda T, Kohno T (2016) An Overview of Genetic Polymorphism and Lung Cancer Risk. Adv Cancer Prev 1: 106. Doi: 10.4172/2472-0429.1000106

Copyright: © 2016, Shiraishi K, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Review summary

  1. Ritu
    Posted on Aug 30 2016 at 2:58 pm
    The review article discussed the various aspects of cancer describing the limitations and applications of genetic factors increasing the risk of lung cancer. Understanding the underlying genetic factors will help greatly in clarifying the disease etiology and in identifying high-risk individuals for targeted screening and/or prevention based on a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
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