Abstract

Rethinking biological security is paramount, with lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic exposing critical gaps in preparedness for both natural and deliberate threats, including bioterrorism. An integrated, adaptive approach is essential, emphasizing robust health systems, effective risk assessment, and enhanced communication. Key strategies involve improving forensic capabilities and intelligence analysis, meticulously managing dual-use research, and understanding the economic ramifications of biological attacks. Proactive, international cooperation is crucial for a comprehensive global biodefense strategy against evolving challenges