Abstract

Dual-use research governance is a complex, evolving field, crucial for balancing scientific advancement with global security. This involves moving beyond reactive ’black box’ assessments to proactive, ethically integrated frameworks across the research lifecycle. Adaptive governance is paramount to keep pace with rapid innovations, especially in areas like pathogen research, genome editing, and synthetic biology. Fostering a biosecurity culture and promoting international cooperation are key. As new technologies emerge, flexible, forward-thinking governance mechanisms become essential to anticipate risks, ensure responsible innovation, and maintain public trust in the life sciences.