Abstract

Shigella is a genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile bacilli that causes shigellosis, a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. Shigellosis is highly contagious and primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route. It is a significant public health concern in developing nations and among vulnerable populations such as children under five, immunocompromised individuals, and travelers. This article presents an overview of the taxonomy, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and strategies for prevention and control. The review also explores current challenges in managing shigellosis, including emerging antibiotic resistance and vaccine development efforts.