Abstract

Biodefense refers to the measures, policies, and strategies implemented to protect populations against biological threats, whether naturally occurring or man-made. As the global threat landscape evolves due to emerging infectious diseases and the potential misuse of biotechnology, biodefense becomes a critical component of national and international security. This article explores the multidisciplinary approach to biodefense, including early detection, surveillance, vaccine development, public health preparedness, and international cooperation. The results underscore the importance of integrated frameworks, rapid response capabilities, and ongoing research in pathogen countermeasures. Challenges such as funding gaps, ethical concerns, and technological limitations are also discussed. Ultimately, a robust biodefense system is vital for safeguarding public health and maintaining national stability in the face of biological threats.