Journal of Alzheimers Disease & Parkinsonism
Open Access

Abstract

In the recent years, a few alternatives to the Memory Systems Theory (MST) has been introduced, e.g. the Attribute Model of Memory (AMM) by Raymond Kesner. The TOSCANA model based on seven memory dimensions is similar to AMM in its hierarchical approach, but is intended to cover a greater variety of memory conditions: Temporal and temporal Order, Spatial & Static, Complexity, Agency, Narrative, and Automatic/effortful dimensions of memory. Objective psychological and neuropsychological findings from the late 19th century until today in support of TOSCANA are presented in the review, as well as subjective and survey data. Guidance regarding choice of tests and computerized test construction based on the model are presented in addition to ideas regarding the construction of semi-objective questionnaires, especially questionnaires on forgetfulness for practitioners an neuropsychologists.

Biography

Sven-Erik Fernaeus completed his PhD at the age of 52 from Stockholm University after studies at Karolinska Institutet and Department of Psychology, Stockholm, Sweden. He is the director of FEDRA a new educational, development and research agency. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and served three years as editor and reviewer at Frontiers, Psychology. Before his work at Karolinska Institutet he pioneered in the 80?s as lecturer in memory technique, and wrote papers on stress and working memory at the Stockholm Department of Psychology.