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Hindi Research Article
Atherosclerotic Effects of Smoking and Excess Weight
| Mehmet Rami Helvaci1*, Yusuf Aydin2 and Mehmet Gundogdu3< | |
| 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey | |
| 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey | |
| 3Department of Internal Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey | |
| Corresponding Author : | Mehmet Rami Helvaci, M.D Medical Faculty of the Mustafa Kemal University, 31100 Serinyol, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey Tel: +903262291000 Fax: +903262455654 E-mail: mramihelvaci@hotmail.com |
| Received May 15, 2012; Accepted August 16, 2012; Published August 20, 2012 | |
| Citation:Helvaci MR, Aydin Y, Gundogdu M (2012) Atherosclerotic Effects of Smoking and Excess Weight. J Obes Wt Loss Ther 2:145. doi:10.4172/2165-7904.1000145 | |
| Copyright: © 2012 Helvaci MR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | |
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a systemic atherosclerotic cascade terminating with multi-organ failures. Methods: Consecutive patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) were studied. Results: Study included 1,620 females and 1,240 males. Prevalences of CHD were similar in both sexes (3.8% versus 4.4%, respectively, p>0.05). Mean ages of CHD cases were 61.5 versus 63.5 years in both sexes, respectively (p>0.05). Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) were higher in males with CHD (54.5% versus 9.6%, p<0.001 and 18.1% versus 6.4%, p<0.05, respectively). On the other hand, body mass index (BMI) and white coat hypertension (WCH) were higher in females with CHD (29.7 versus 28.3 kg/m2 and 30.6% versus 23.6%) but differences were nonsignificant (p>0.05 for both) probably due to small sample sizes of the groups. Whereas low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were higher in females with CHD, significantly (132.6 versus 115.6 mg/dL, p=0.008 and 250.3 versus 150.1 mg/dL, p=0.002, respectively). Similarly, hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) were also higher in females with CHD, significantly (58.0% versus 30.9%, p<0.001 and 51.6% versus 38.1%, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a systemic atherosclerotic process exaggerated by some metabolic disorders. Smoking and excess weight may be the major triggering causes of the syndrome, and they come with similar degree of clinical severity in front. Smoking and COPD were higher in males with CHD against the higher BMI, WCH, LDL-C, TG, HT, and DM in females, resulting with similar prevalences of CHD in both sexes.
