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Actinomycetes, a class of filamentous bacteria, are
well known for over 45% of secondary metabolite
production. Several environmental factors including
the media composition affect both biomass growth
and product formation during submersed cultivation.
Further, morphology and product formation have been
observed to be closely related. Likewise, several studies
have shown that environmental factors effect changes
in cellular morphology. However, the relationship
between morphology and product formation is not well
understood. In this study, we report a strong correlation
between morphology and balhimycin production in an
actinomycete, Amycolatopsis balhimycina DSM 5908
during submersed cultivation. Several morphological
parameters were systematically quantified as a function
of phosphate and ammonia in defined medium.
Concentrations of ammonium sulfate and phosphate
were varied around their optimal values for balhimycin
production. Higher productivity of balhimycin was
correlated with (i) higher pellet fraction in the biomass,
(ii) small elongated pellets and (iii) shorter hyphae in
the periphery of the pellets. Depending on the medium
composition, balhimycin production starts at 72 h or later
with maximum product observed at 144-168 h. Further,
the profiles of concentrations of nutrients or biomass
do not provide any distinction between producing
and non-producing media combinations. However, we
observe that morphological changes not only correlate
with balhimycin productivity, these changes occur at
24-48 h, which is much before the actual production
starts. Therefore, we argue that cellular morphology can
be used as a monitoring tool to predict productivity of
a given batch. While the actual nature of the correlation
between morphology and productivity may vary from
strain to strain, we hypothesize that a similar monitoring
strategy can be developed for other products.
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