Our Group organises 3000+ Global Conferenceseries Events every year across USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientific Societies and Publishes 700+ Open Access Journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members.
The Red Sea is one of the most important repositories of the marine biodiversity in the world, it support populations for
many species of marine mammals (about 15 species of dolphins and whales, and one dugong species). These marine
resources have attracted the attention of tourists and increase tourism contribution to the Egyptian economy. At the same
time, Red Sea oil and gas reserves are estimated to be around 100 billion barrel of oil equivalent. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is
planning to employ 200 drilling rigs in 2014 most of it will be in the Red Sea. Most of offshore drilling rigs and production
platforms are found on group of large diameter piles which are driving into sea bed producing high amount of underwater
noise propagating up to a distance of 100 km. Under-water noise emitted during pile construction can mask biologically
relevant signals for marine mammals which use sound as a mechanism to navigate and communicate. This noise might lead to
behavioral reactions, and at very high levels can injure or even kill them. The potential for underwater noise to affect marine
mammals depends on how well the animal can hear the noise. Noises at frequencies can?t be heard well by the mammal are less
likely to disturb or injure them except when the sound pressure is so high that it causes physical injury. For sound levels that
are too low to cause physical injury, frequency weighting based on audio grams relevant to those species? hearing sensitivities
can be used to weight the importance of those sound levels. Cumulative sound exposure level was found to be the most
appropriate measure for evaluating likelihood of injury because pile driving is an ongoing impulsive activity that will occur
throughout the construction phase. Range-dependent Acoustic Model was used to assess underwater noise propagation of
offshore pile driving taking into account sea bed bathymetry and salinity. It was found that a hammer of 320 kJ rated energy
can cause harassment to the marine mammal within a distance of 3.0 km for continuous pile driving and 1.2 km for impulsive
pile driving, and it can injure the mammal within 100 m from pile location.
Biography
Waled A Dawoud gained a Master?s degree in Numerical Techniques in Tunnel Analysis. He has more than 10 years of experience in geotechnical modeling and
environmental design. He has a good experience in hydro-geological and contaminant transport modeling gained through his work in Middle East. He is now
preparing his PhD in Geo-Environmental Design of Offshore Piles at Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Egypt
Relevant Topics
Peer Reviewed Journals
Make the best use of Scientific Research and information from our 700 + peer reviewed, Open Access Journals