The Impacts Of Tourist On Manta Rays In The Island Of Nusa Penida Bali Province, Indonesia | 9472
ISSN: 2155-9910
Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development
Open Access
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On the Kona coast of Hawaii, dive operators started taking people scuba diving with manta rays at night in the 1980?s. As
manta sightings increased, more operators offered the tour. In 1993, the community of dive operators drafted a set of
guidelines for participants. Manta tour operators incorporated both the 1993 guidelines and basic manta information from the
Manta Pacific Research Foundation into their briefings for participants. The popularity of this tour continues and numbers have
increased. On November 27, 2012, the United States Coast Guard and representatives from State agencies conducted a meeting
with Kona manta tour operators that included both scuba diving and snorkeling companies. Operators were advised to create a
working group to draft a set of standards. After three months and ten face-to-face meetings, the group completed the project. The
purpose of the Manta Tour Operator Standards is to increase the safety of manta rays and their habitat as well as the safety of the
users and participants of the manta tour experience. The goal is to establish community practices and to educate those people
involved. Understanding how a local group of operators worked through this process may help people in areas transitioning from
a manta fishery to manta tourism.
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